Permanent waving apparatus



March 28, 1939. 'w BROWN 2,152,343

PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 26, i936 I 2 Sheets-Sheet l I 4 1 2/ If ATTORNEY.

March 28, 1939. w. H. BROWN PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 26, 1936 IIIIIIIII lillflk.

A. 1.124 A A A ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 28, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Adolf Kietz, Bellevue, Wash,

and Phil D.

Spaeth, Cincinnati, Ohio Application February 26, 1936, Serial No. 65,888

Claims.

This invention relates to permanent waving apparatus and process.

The principal object of the invention is to provide for electrolytically heating a wound curl of 5 hair by the use of electrodes within and both contacting such curl.

A further object is to provide simple and effective mechanisms for attaining the main object in both Croquignole and. spiral waving apparatus.

A further object is to secure light weight and relatively less cumbersome apparatus for permanent waving and which will realize the above objects.

Other objects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out in the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a central vertical section taken through a portion of the apparatus of the Croquignole type, namely, the curler rod, the covering therefor, the curl of hair and the external covering means; Fig. 2 is an. elevation of the curler rod having the electrodes on the surface thereof Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken through the apparatus shown. in Fig. 1 as well as the conventional Croquignole protector clamp; Figs. 4 and 5 are sections on lines 4-4 and 5-5 respectively of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section showing a socket for attachment to the curler rod for supplying current thereto; Fig. '7

is an end view, looking from left to right, of

the socket of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of flexible covering element; Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the covering element of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is an elevation of the spiral type device showing schematically a curl of hair wound helically thereon; Fig. 11 is a central vertical section taken through the device of Fig. 10 and showing the current supply socket 40 in place; Fig. 12 is a plan view of the protector clamp base which receives the curler rod; Fig. 13 is a fragmentary elevation of the protector clamp and curler rod and indicating the application of a covering element over the electrodes 45 and on the outside of which the curl is to be wound; Fig. 14 is a section corresponding substantially to the line |4-l4 of Fig. 11; Fig. 15 is a fragmentary elevation of the top of the curler rod looking toward the left in Fig. 13, and

r0 Fig. 16 is a fragmentary sectional view of the top of said curler rod.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive, the numeral I0 indicates generally the curler rod which may be made principally of electrically 55 non-conductive material, such as hard rubber,

phenol condensate or the like. Secured to the main body of the curler rod by any suitable means are electrode elements H and 12 which form a part of the hair receiving surface of the curler rod and which are connected by suitable metallic elements l3 and I4 embedded in such insulating material with terminal portions l5 and I8 which emerge to the outside of one end of the curler rod where they may be contacted by suitable current supplying elements. The 10 elements i5 and I6 preferably make up with the insulating material forming the end of the curler rod a circular bearing element adapted to be re ceived in the usual cradle supporting elements of the conventional Croquignole protectorclamps. 5 At the other end of the curler rod, I provide a sleeve ll having a ratchet exterior which is received in the other cradle element of the conventional protector clamp and is adapted to co operate with the usual pawl element thereof for 20 maintaining a curl under tension. A polygonal opening i8 may be provided for the reception of a tool for the purpose of applying tightening force in the usual manner. The usual pivotal leaf l9 may be attached for the purpose of facil- 5 itating the winding of the hair in the usual manner.

Optionally the curler rod may be covered by a liquid pervious, electrically non-conductive covering 20 on the outside of which the curl 2i, suit- 30 ably moistened with waving solution, may be wound. It is to be understood without further specific mention in this specification and claims that at some stage prior to actual heating, a suitable ionizable waving solution will be applied to the curl. On the outside of the curl 2| I may provide a similar covering 22 held in place by a spring clip 23 for the purpose of retarding evaporation of moisture from the curl. The hair engaging portions of the clip 23 may be enameled or otherwise rendered electrically non-conductive whereby the heating will be localized in the interior of the curl. These portions may also be metallic so that a portion of the current may flow from one electrode, through the curl, around a portion of the clip and back through the curl to the other electrode. Should it be desired to localize this effect in any particular zone of the curl, the hair engaging portions of the clip 23 may be made non-conductive and a modified covering element 24 provided with a foil covering 25 in the desired zone may be used in place of the covering element 22. A protector clamp 25 having the usual gripping jaws 26 andthe usual cradle elements 21 may cooperate with the above described elements in the production of a Croquignole wave.

The current supplying socket shown in Figs. 6 and 7 may consist of a semi-soft rubber portion 28 adapted to slip over the right hand end of the curler rod as seen in Fig. 1 and may be provided with terminals 29 having suitable conductors 30 extending through an insulated flexible member 3| to a suitable source of current. To insure registration of the elements 29 with those I5 and I6, the curler rod and socket may be provided with complementary flattened portions 32 and 33 respectively.

Referring now to Figs. 10 to 16 inclusive, it will be seen that the hair is gripped and the curler rod supported by a base element comprising pivotally connected elements 34 and 35 connected together by a hinge element 36 and a cam latch element 31, together with a stud 38 set into the base element 34 and secured thereto by means of rivets 39 fastened to ears 40 and having ratchet teeth 4| extending around and concentric with the upstanding post portion thereof. The gripping jaws may be relieved as indicated at 42 so as to grip a rope-like strand of hair which may pass from the scalp between the jaws at 42 and be wound helically on the curler rod.

The curler rod may consist of a main body 43 composed of electrically non-conducting material and carrying suitably spaced electrodes 44 and 45. The electrode 44 may be fixedly secured to the body 43 and have its surface continuous with the main surface thereof and may terminate at its upper end in a narrow strip 45 adapted to be contacted by a contact element on the current supply socket 41. The other electrode may perform the double function of gripping the end of a strand of hair and supplying current for heating the wound curl or strand. This double feature is optional and, where some other method of securing the end of the strand is adopted, the electrode 45 may be a duplicate of that 44. In the drawings, I have shown the electrode 45 as substantially coextensive with that 44 and being pivoted to the main body of the curler rod by a pin 48 extending transversely therethrough and having a T shape, the vertical portion 49 of the same extending upwardly and projecting above the end of the main body so as to form a contact for reception of the other terminal of the socket 41. The leverage resulting from clamping a strand of hair under the element 45 will produce a firm contact between the pivot element 48 and the upper end 58 of the electrode 45 whereby a good contact will result.

Below and spaced from the electrodes 44 and 45. I provide a sleeve 5| surrounding the lower end of the main body of the electrode and having one or more teeth 52 cooperating with the ratchet teeth 4| to maintain tension on the wound curl. The sleeve 5| may be provided with a series of openings 53 for reception of a spanner for the purpose of tightening the curler rod with respect to base element 34. If it is desired to provide a covering over the electrodes between the same and the curl, such covering may take the form of a helically wound strip 54 of liquid pervious material as indicated in Fig. 13. An external cover 55 of frusto conical shape, which may be either conductive or non-conductive electrically, is placed over the wound curl for the purpose of retarding evaporation of moisture therefrom.

Current may be supplied through the socket 41, the inner surface of which may carry sleevelike contacts 56 and 51 connected by suitable conductors, which extend through a flexible cable 58 to a suitable source of current. It will be noted that the lower end of the soft rubber element 41 is provided with an inwardly extending flange 41 which tightly engages the upper end of the curler rod whereby to hold the socket in place and to prevent steam from entering the socket thereby to prevent condensation of moisture in short circuiting relation to the elements 56 and 51.

In the use of this device, the curler rod element may be initially separated from the base element shown in Fig. 12 and the strand of hair clamped between the jaws of the base element. The outer end of the strand may then be clamped under the electrode 45 while the curler rod is still separated from the base, the judgment of the operator being exercised as to the point along the electrode 45 at which the end of the strand should be placed according to the length thereof and then the winding of the curl from the tip toward the scalp until just sufhcient length of the strand remains unwound to permit assembling the curler rod on the base. After such assembling, the curler rod may be twisted with respect to the base until the curl is tightened as much as conveniently may be done by hand. A spanner is then applied to the openings 53 and the curl tightened to the desired extent. If the cover 54 is to be applied, this is done immediately following the gripping of the outer end of the strand under the electrode 45. After the curl is wound, the covering 55 is applied and the socket 41 is then placed on the end of the curler rod after which the current may be turned It is to be understood that in the case of both modifications, the edges of the electrodes may be spaced apart as much or as little as desired, either parallel or diverging as shown in Fig. 2 for concentrating the heating effect centrally, depending upon the voltage and solution used, the thickness of the curl and the proportion of the current, if any, which is to go to the outer covering and back. Also, the covering over the electrodes may take the form of a shell, prcferably in two sections, conforming to the hair re ceiving surface of the curler rod and composed of absorbent paper or the like, and held in position by the hair alone or by any other suitable means, such as, for example, a rubber band.

By the use of internal electrodes, I produce the heat largely within the interior of the wound curl both in the Croquignole and spiral devices with the result that the heat must escape outwardly through the curl. Thus a more intense and more uniform heat will result. In the case of the spiral wind, the. rope-like strand will flatten against the electrodes and bring about two thirds of the surface into con-tact with the curler rod when the convolutions are separated and cover the entire curler rod in the case of a close wind, thereby making a compact curl.

In the claims, such expressions as surface, and hair receiving surface, are to be read as covering constructions with or without coverings such as those 2|] and 54.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that I have provided devices which are well adapted for their intended purposes and while I have shown and described the present preferred embodiments of the invention, I do not wish to be limited to the details shown but only in accordance with the appended claims and the prior art.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In permanent wave mechanism, a curler rod circular in cross-section having spaced, longitudinally extending electrode elements on the curved outer surface thereof and means for connection of one side of a source of current to each, said electrodes having apair of adjacent edges diverging toward an end of the curler rod whereby to produce a greater heating efiect centrally than at said end.

'2. In permanent Wave mechanism, in comb-ination, a protector clamp adapted to gripa strand of hair adjacent the scalp of a subject, a curler rod adapted to cooperate with said protector clamp, said clamp and rod being provided with complementary means for holding a wound curl.

of hair in place under proper tension, said curler rod carrying spaced electrodes forming part of the hair receiving surface thereof, means for connecting said electrodes one to each side of a source of current and means for at least partially covering a curl wound on said curler rod whereby to retard loss of moisture therefrom, said covering means including a layer of conductive material whereby a portion of the heating current may flow from one electrode, through the curl, through said layer and back through said curl to the other electrode.

3. In permanent wave mechanism, a curler rod having spaced, longitudinally extending electrode elements on the outer surface thereof and means for connection of one side of a source of current to each, said electrodes having a pair of adjacent edges diverging toward an end of the curler rod whereby to produce a greater heating effect centrally than at said end.

4. A spiral wave device comprising, in combination, a protector clamp, a curler rod mounted thereon, complementary means on said clamp and rod for tensioning a helically wound strand, said last means including a pivoted electrode carried by said curler rod and extending longitudinally thereof, a fixed electrode also carried by said curler rod and extending generally parallel with said pivoted electrode, means for conducting current to said electrodes and covering means for retarding escape of moisture from hair wound on said curler rod.

5. A spiral wave device comprising, in combination, a protector clamp, a curler rod mounted thereon, complementary means on said clamp and rod for tensioning a helically wound strand, said last means including a pivoted electrode carried by said curler rod and extending longitudinally thereof, a fixed electrode also carried by said curler rod and extending generally parallel with said pivoted electrode, and means for conducting current to said electrodes.

WILLIAM H. BROWN. 

